Installing a skylight can enhance a home by introducing natural light, creating an open feeling, and improving energy efficiency in certain climates. However, skylight installation is a complex process that requires careful planning and precision to ensure proper sealing and structural integrity. Here’s a guide to understanding skylight types, planning for installation, and the step-by-step process of installing a skylight.
- Understanding Skylight Types
There are several types of skylights to choose from, each suited to different preferences and needs:
Fixed Skylights
- Description: Non-opening skylights that allow light but do not provide ventilation.
- Best For: Rooms where extra light is desired, such as living rooms or hallways. They’re generally more affordable and easier to install.
Ventilated (Operable) Skylights
- Description: These skylights can be opened manually or automatically to allow ventilation. Many modern skylights come with remote controls or are integrated with smart home systems.
- Best For: Kitchens, bathrooms, or any room where ventilation is needed to reduce moisture and improve air quality.
Tubular Skylights
- Description: A compact design that channels light through a reflective tube, suitable for small spaces or areas with limited roof access.
- Best For: Small spaces like closets, hallways, and bathrooms, where a traditional skylight may not be feasible.
Custom Skylights
- Description: These are made to specific shapes, sizes, or design needs and often involve complex installation.
- Best For: Large rooms or unique architectural designs that call for a customized lighting solution.
- Planning for Skylight Installation
Proper planning is essential before beginning skylight installation to avoid issues with leaks, insulation, and structural integrity.
Check Building Codes and Permits
- Verify that your local building codes allow skylight installation. Some areas have specific regulations regarding skylights, especially in historical or high-wind zones.
- Obtain any necessary permits if required. Consulting with a building inspector may help avoid costly mistakes.
Assess Roof Structure and Placement
- Choose the Location: Identify the ideal location for the skylight, ensuring that it aligns with the roof’s slope and does not interfere with structural elements like trusses or rafters.
- Check for Obstacles: Ensure that the chosen location doesn’t conflict with plumbing, wiring, or ductwork in the attic space. You may need to adjust the location slightly or reroute these systems if necessary.
- Consider Sunlight Angles: The orientation of the skylight affects the amount and quality of light. South-facing skylights provide more direct sunlight, which may increase heating, while north-facing skylights offer softer, indirect light.
Select the Right Size
- Determine the Room’s Size: A skylight should be proportional to the room. A general guideline is to size a skylight at about 5-10% of the room’s floor area.
- Consider Energy Efficiency: Larger skylights can introduce more heat in summer or lose more heat in winter. Look for skylights with low-emissivity (low-E) coatings, UV protection, and energy-efficient glazing to reduce heat transfer.
Gather Tools and Materials
- Common tools include a reciprocating saw, drill, utility knife, measuring tape, hammer, caulking gun, and ladder.
- Materials needed are the skylight kit, flashing kit, weatherproofing materials, and roofing nails.
- Step-by-Step Skylight Installation
Once you have your skylight kit, permits, and location determined, you can begin the installation process:
Step 1: Prepare the Roof Opening
- Mark the Opening: Use the skylight dimensions to mark the location on the ceiling and roof. Ensure it’s centered between rafters if possible.
- Cut the Ceiling: Cut along the marked outline on the ceiling and remove drywall to expose the attic space. Next, cut through the roof decking along the marked outline using a reciprocating saw.
- Remove Roofing Material: Carefully remove shingles around the opening to allow for flashing installation. Set shingles aside if they’re in good condition to reuse later.
Step 2: Frame the Skylight Opening
- Install Headers: Cut and install header boards between the rafters around the opening for added structural support. This creates a boxed opening.
- Add Insulation: Place insulation around the framed opening to minimize heat loss and prevent condensation.
- Install the Skylight Frame: Insert the skylight frame into the opening and secure it to the roof using roofing nails.
Step 3: Install Flashing and Waterproofing
- Apply Waterproofing Membrane: Apply a self-adhesive waterproof membrane around the skylight frame, extending it under the surrounding shingles. This creates a watertight seal between the frame and the roof.
- Install Flashing Kit: Most skylight kits come with a flashing kit designed to fit the frame. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to install the flashing. Flashing typically includes step flashing (to protect each shingle row) and a top piece to seal against rain.
Step 4: Install Skylight and Replace Roofing Material
- Place the Skylight: Position the skylight in the frame, ensuring it’s secure and flush with the roof. Fasten it as instructed, typically with screws provided in the kit.
- Replace Shingles: Re-install the shingles around the skylight, overlapping them over the flashing for a weather-tight seal.
- Apply Sealant: Use silicone caulk or another approved sealant along any exposed edges to prevent leaks.
Step 5: Complete Interior Work
- Install Interior Trim: Inside, install trim around the skylight to cover the opening. You may want to add drywall or molding for a clean finish.
- Paint and Finish: Once the trim is in place, paint or finish the area around the skylight to match the rest of the ceiling.
- Maintenance and Care
Once installed, skylights require minimal maintenance, but regular checks can help prevent leaks and other issues:
- Inspect for Leaks: Periodically check for any signs of leaking, especially after heavy rain. If you notice moisture, inspect the flashing and sealant around the skylight and make repairs as needed.
- Clean Skylight Glass: Dirt and debris can accumulate on skylights over time, especially on flat models. Clean the glass at least twice a year to maximize light and prevent scratches.
- Check Ventilation (for operable skylights): If you have an operable skylight, check that it opens and closes smoothly. Clean any dust or dirt from the mechanism to prevent sticking.
- Cost and Considerations
The cost of installing a skylight varies widely based on the type, size, and complexity of the installation:
- Basic Skylights: Fixed skylights are the most affordable, costing between $500 and $1,500, including installation.
- Operable Skylights: Ventilated or motorized skylights range from $1,000 to $2,500 or more, depending on automation features.
- Labor Costs: Hiring a professional installer can range from $500 to $2,000 based on the roof’s pitch, material, and accessibility. Complex or high roofs may increase labor costs.
Installing a skylight is a rewarding home improvement project that can significantly brighten your space and add value to your home. By carefully selecting the right skylight type, planning the installation, and following best practices for framing, flashing, and waterproofing, you can enjoy a beautiful, leak-free skylight for years to come. If you’re unsure about the process or have a complex roof structure, consider hiring a professional to ensure a secure and watertight installation.